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The penthouse principle, a term in syntax coined by John R. Ross in 1973, describes the fact that many syntactic phenomena treat matrix (or ''main'') clauses differently from embedded (or ''subordinate'') clauses: :The ''penthouse principle'': The rules are different if you live in the penthouse. The ''penthouse'' named in the principle is the top-floor of a highrise apartment building, and is a metaphor for the matrix clause in a multi-clause structure (which, when diagrammed in usual phrase marker notation, contains the highest clause node in the structure). Perhaps the best-known example of a penthouse principle effect is the distribution of subject-auxiliary inversion in constituent questions in English, which in many (but not all) varieties of English is restricted to matrix clauses: :(1) a. What can Sam do about it? :: b. I'll find out what Sam can do about it. Compare: :(2) a. *What Sam can do about it? :: b. *I'll find out what can Sam do about it. Other phenomena falling under the penthouse principle are V2-effects in the Germanic languages and the distribution of declarative markers, imperative morphology, and of various particles in a variety of languages.〔See Merchant 2007 for examples of these.〕 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penthouse principle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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